Competitive framework for procurement of interruptible load services
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with optimal procurement of interruptible load services within secondary reserve ancillary service markets in deregulated power systems. The proposed model is based on an optimal power flow framework and can aid the independent system operator (ISO) in real-time selection of interruptible load offers. The structure of the market is also proposed for implementation. Various issues associated with procurement of interruptible load such as advance notification, locational aspect of load, and power factor of the loads are explicitly considered. It is shown that interruptible load market can help the ISO maintain operating reserves during peak load periods. Econometric analysis reveals that a close relationship exits between the reserve level and amount of interruptible load service invoked. It was also found that at certain buses, market power exists with the loads, and that could lead to unwanted inefficiencies in the market. Investing in generation capacity at such buses can mitigate this. The CIGRE 32-bus system appropriately modified to include various customer characteristics is used for the study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it