Groundwater geochemistry and exploration methods: Myra Falls volcanogenic massive-sulphide deposits, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Myra Falls Price deposit is a zinc-rich volcanogenic massive-sulphide ore-body located in a mountainous region of central Vancouver Island, British Columbia. High rainfall and steep hydraulic gradients limit the water–mineral contact, which results in a low solute load in the oxygenated groundwater. Despite this, significant element contrasts exist that permit the development of groundwater geochemical methods for exploration. Zinc displays the strongest and most reliable anomaly contrasts in groundwaters associated with mineralization related to the Price deposit. Statistical procedures are used to differentiate two overlapping subpopulations of Zn concentrations, which are partitioned into two constituent populations. A threshold value of 20 μg/l was established, which includes an uncertainty that allows up to 10% of the background population being defined as anomalous. Zn anomalies can be further enhanced with a suite of pathfinder elements associated with primary mineralization and hydrothermal alteration, including Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, As, Sb, Ba and U. In addition to massive-sulphide mineralization, sulphides also exist as clasts within a breccia unit designated as the ore-clast breccia (OCB). Effective discrimination is possible between anomalies in groundwaters associated with massive-sulphide mineralization and groundwaters associated with OCB through the use of elements associated with primary mineralization and hydrothermal alteration such as K, Rb, B, Ba, Cd, Sb, U and barite saturation, which are elevated in groundwaters associated with massive-sulphide mineralization but not the OCB. Groundwater geochemical exploration methods offer a supplemental tool to exploration of Zn-rich massive-sulphide deposits where existing infrastructure, exploration drifts and drill holes are present.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".