A 40 GHz Quadrature LC VCO and Frequency Divider in 90-nm CMOS Technology
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a fully integrated wide-band low phase noise quadrature LC-tank VCO and high-speed frequency divider in a standard 90nm CMOS technology. The LC oscillator has a differential core with complementary cross-coupled MOS devices. The oscillation frequency can be tuned from 31GHz-41GHz, with a control voltage between 0 and 1V. The quadrature VCO draws a maximum of 6.5mA current from a 1.2V supply. The divider core is formed with low voltage swing current mode logic (CML) structure, which enables high frequency operation at very low power dissipation. The divider exhibits very wide locking range from 4GHz-41GHz, and it has an input sensitivity of -31dBm at 30GHz. The divider core draws only 750μA from a 1.2V supply. Both circuits occupy a chip area of about 150 × 250μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it