Effects of free convection on three‐dimensional protein transport in hollow‐fiber bioreactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A three‐dimensional analysis of protein redistribution in the extracapillary space (ECS) of ultrafiltration membrane hollow‐fiber bioreactors (HFBRs), used for mammalian cell culture, is presented. Homogeneous distribution of growth‐factor proteins in the ECS is essential for a successful startup and efficient operation of HFBRs. The ECS protein transport under most startup conditions of practical interest is strongly influenced by gravity and represents a complex interaction of forced‐ and free‐convective phenomena. These effects were investigated using a comprehensive porous medium model (PMM) that accounts for local variations of fluid density, fluid viscosity, and osmotic pressure resulting from time‐dependent changes in the protein concentration field. In addition, the model considers the influence of fiber‐free manifolds, which are adjacent to the fiber bundle and are accessible to ECS proteins and cells. The PMM predictions of the ECS protein distributions at different bioreactor orientations were in good agreement with the observed distributions of a colored test protein in an experimental HFBR cartridge. The results of this study can provide useful insights for optimizing HFBR operation strategies. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1974–1990, 2004
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".