Comparative Cytoarchitectural Analyses of Striate and Extrastriate Areas in Hominoids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The visual cortex is the largest sensory modality representation in the neocortex of humans and closely related species, and its size and organization has a central role in discussions of brain evolution. Yet little is known about the organization of visual brain structures in the species closest to humans--the apes--thus, making it difficult to evaluate hypotheses about recent evolutionary changes. The primate visual cortex is comprised of numerous cytoarchitectonically distinct areas, each of which has a specific role in the processing of visual stimuli. We examined the histological organization of striate (V1) and 2 extrastriate (V2 and ventral posterior) cortical areas in humans, 5 ape species, and a macaque. The cytoarchitectural patterns of visual areas were compared across species using quantitative descriptions of cell volume densities and laminar patterns. We also investigated potential scaling relationships between cell volume density and several brain, body, and visual system variables. The results suggest that interspecific variability in the cytoarchitectural organization of visual system structures can arise independently of global brain and body size scaling relationships. In particular, species-specific differences in cell volume density seem to be most closely linked to the size of structures in the visual system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".