Test of character displacement in urban populations of <i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, inhabiting parks, cemeteries, suburban woods, and other green areas in the city of Prague. To assess the character displacement and (or) release hypothesis we compared seven samples from local populations occurring sympatrically with Apodemus flavicollis with 10 samples from those localities in which A. flavicollis has never been recorded. The analysis included 1410 specimens of A. sylvaticus collected during the years 19801990. Seventeen skull and body characters were measured. Then the data were age- or size-adjusted and treated by principal-component analyses. Factor scores were further subjected to statistical testing. Although the results revealed considerable variation among localities, they did not suggest character displacement and (or) release. Apodemus sylvaticus from populations sympatric with A. flavicollis were morphometrically similar to their conspecifics from other populations collected at the periphery of the city. However, slight but statistically highly significant differences were found between samples from localities in the city centre and those from the periphery. This phenomenon may be interpreted as the effect of urbanisation or isolation by built-up areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".