First flush pollution load of urban stormwater runoff
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a storm event, a first flush (FF) phenomenon occurs when most of the pollution load is transported in the initial part of the event discharged volume. The objectives of the study were to consider its severity for a number of pollutants as well as to recognize rainfall–runoff characteristics that influence it. The study was conducted in a semi-arid region of a mixed residential and commercial urban catchment in Iran. Ten major rainfall events were monitored for total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), Zn, and Pb. Total suspended solids and COD were usually above the permitted discharge. Power and polynomial functions fit well to the normalized curve of the distribution of pollutant load with volume. Discharge loads of TN, Pb, and Zn were approximately uniform. There was a relatively weak FF for TS, TSS, and COD. No correlation between FF load of TS and COD and rainfall–runoff characteristics was observed, but the amount of the FF load of TSS increases when the intensity and duration of a rainfall event increase. Key words: first flush, urban runoff quality, pollution load distribution, event mean concentration, urban stormwater runoff.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it