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Evidence for Production of Single Top Quarks and First Direct Measurement of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo></mml:math>
V. M. Abazov, B. Abbott, M. Abolins, B. S. Acharya, M. Adams, T. Adams, E. Aguiló, S. H. Ahn, M. Ahsan, G. D. Alexeev, G. Alkhazov, G. Alverson, G. A. Alves, M. Anastasoaie, L. S. Ancu, T. Andeen, S. Anderson, B. Andrieu, M. S. Anzelc, Y. Arnoud, M. Arov, A. Askew, B. Åsman, A. C. S. Assis Jesus, O. Atramentov, C. Autermann, C. Ávila, C. Ay, F. Badaud, A. Baden, L. Bagby, B. Baldin, D. V. Bandurin, P. Banerjee, S. Banerjee, E. Barberis, P. Bargassa, P. Baringer, C. Barnes, J. Barreto, J. F. Bartlett, U. Bassler, D. Bauer, S. Beale, A. Bean, M. Begalli, M. Begel, C. Bélanger-Champagne, L. Bellantoni, A. Bellavance, J. F. Benitez, S. B. Beri, G. Bernardi, R. Bernhard, L. Berntzon, I. A. Bertram, M. Besançon, R. Beuselinck, V. A. Bezzubov, P. C. Bhat, V. Bhatnagar, M. Binder, C. Biscarat, I. Blackler, G. Blazey, F. Blekman, S. Blessing, D. Blöch, K. Bloom, A. Boehnlein, D. Boline, T. Bolton, E. Boos, G. Borissov, K. Bos, T. Bose, A. Brandt, R. Brock, G. Brooijmans, A. Bross, D. Brown, N. J. Buchanan, D. Buchholz, M. Buehler, V. Buescher, V. Bunichev, S. Burdin, S. Bürke, T. H. Burnett, K. Satô, C. P. Buszello, J. M. Butler, P. Calfayan, S. Calvet, J. Cammin, S. Caron, W. Carvalho, N. M. Cason, H. Castilla-Valdez, S. Chakrabarti, D. Chakraborty, K. M. Chan, A. Chandra, F. Charles, E. Cheu, F. Chevallier, D K Cho, S. Choi, B. C. Choudhary, L. Christofek, D. R. Claes, B. Clément, C. Clément, Y. Coadou, M. Cooke, W. E. Cooper, M. Corcoran, F. Couderc, M.-C. Cousinou, B. Cox, S. Crépé-Renaudin, D. Cutts, M. Ćwiok, H. da Motta, A. Das, Mrinal Kumar Das, Brian Davies, G. Davies, K. De, S. J. de Jong, E. De La Cruz–Burelo, C. De Oliveira Martins, J. Degenhardt, F. Déliot, M. Demarteau, R. Demina, D. Denisov, S. P. Denisov, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, M. Diesburg, Mark Doidge, A. Dominguez, H. Dong, L. Dudko, L. Duflot, S. R. Dugad, D. Duggan, A. Duperrin, J. Dyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, D. Edmunds, J. Ellison, V. D. Elvira, Y. Enari, S. C. Eno, P. Ermolov, H. Evans, A. Evdokimov, В. Н. Евдокимов, L. Feligioni, A. V. Ferapontov, T. Ferbel, F. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, W. C. Fisher, H. E. Fisk, M. Ford, M. Fortner, H. Fox, S. Fu, S. Fuess, T. Gadfort, Cristina Galea, E. Gallas, E. Galyaev, C. Garcı́a, A. Garcia-Bellido, V. Gavrilov, A. Gay, P. Gay, W. Geist, D. Gelé, R. Gelhaus, C. E. Gerber, Y. Gershtein, D. T. Gil, G. Ginther, N. Gollub, B. Gómez, A. G. Goussiou, P. D. Grannis, H. Greenlee, Z. D. Greenwood, E. M. Gregores, G. Grenier, Ph. Gris, J.-F. Grivaz, A. Grohsjean, S. Grünendahl, M. Grünewald, F. Guo, J. Guo, G. Gutiérrez, P. Gutierrez, A. Haas, N. J. Hadley, P. Haefner, S. Hagopian, J. Haley, I. Hall, R. E. Hall, L. Han, K. Hanagaki, K. Harder, A. Harel, R. D. Harrington, J. M. Hauptman, R. Hauser, J. Hays, T. Hebbeker, D. Hedin, J. G. Hegeman, J. M. Heinmiller, A. P. Heinson, U. Heintz, C. Hensel, K. Herner, G. Hesketh, M. D. Hildreth, R. Hirosky, J. D. Hobbs, B. Hoeneisen, H. Hoeth, M. Hohlfeld, S. J. Hong, R. Hooper, P. Houben, Y. Hu, Z. Hubáček, V. Hynek, I. Iashvili, R. Illingworth, A. S. Ito, S. Jabeen, M. Jaffré, Sa. Jain, K. Jakobs, C. Jarvis, A. Jenkins, R. Jesik, K. A. Johns, C. A. Johnson, M. Johnson, A. Jonckheere, P. Jonsson, D. Käfer, S. J. Kahn, E. Kajfasz, A. Kalinin, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kalk, S. Kappler, D. Karmanov, J. Kasper, P. A. Kasper, I. Katsanos, D. Kau, R. Kaur, R. Kehoe, S. Kermiche, N. Khalatyan, A. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, Y. M. Kharzheev, D. Khatidze, H Kim, T. J. Kim, M. H. Kirby, B. Klima, J. M. Kohli, J.‐P. Konrath, M. Kopál, V. M. Korablev, J. Kotcher, B. Kothari, A. Koubarovsky, A. V. Kozelov, D. Krop, A. Kryemadhi, T. Kühl, Arun Kumar, S. Kunori, A. Kupčo, T. Kurča, J. Kvita, D. Lam, S. Lammers, G. Landsberg, J. Lazo-Flores, A-C Le Bihan, P. Lebrun, W. M. Lee, A. Leflat, F. Lehner, V. Lesne, J. Levêque, P. Lewis, J Li, L. Li, Q Z Li, S. M. Lietti, J. G. R. Lima, D. Lincoln, J. Linnemann, V. V. Lipaev, R. Lipton, Z Liu, L. Lobo, A. Lobodenko, M. Lokajı́ček, A. Lounis, Peter Love, H. J. Lubatti, M. Lynker, A. L. Lyon, A. K. A. Maciel, R. J. Madaras, P. Mättig, C. Magass, A. Magerkurth, N. Makovec, P. Mal, H. B. Malbouisson, S. Malik, V. L. Malyshev, H. S. Mao, Y. Maravin, R. McCarthy, A. Melnitchouk, Andre David Tinoco Mendes, L. Mendoza, P. G. Mercadante, M. Merkin, K. W. Merritt, A. Meyer, J. Meyer, M. Michaut, H. Miettinen, T. Millet, J. Mitrevski, J. Molina, R. K. Mommsen, N. K. Mondal, J. Monk, R. W. Moore, T. Moulik, G. S. Muanza, M. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, O. Mundal, L. Mundim, M. Naimuddin, M. Narain, N. A. Naumann, H. A. Neal, J. P. Negret, P. Neustroev, C. Noeding, A. Nomerotski, S. F. Novaes, T. Nunnemann, V. O’Dell, D. C. O’Neil, G. Obrant, C. Ochando, V. Oguri, N. Oliveira, D. Onoprienko, N. Oshima, J. Osta, R. Otec, G. J. Otero y Garzón, M. Owen, P. Padley, M. Pangilinan, N. Parashar, S. J. Park, S K Park, J. A. Parsons, R. Partridge, N. Parua, A. Patwa, G. Pawloski, P. M. Perea, M. Perfilov, Κ. Peters, Y. Peters, P. Pétroff, M. Petteni, R. Piegaia, J. Piper, M.-A. Pleier, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, V. M. Podstavkov, Y. Pogorelov, M.-E. Pol, A. Pompoš, B. G. Pope, А. В. Попов, C. J. Potter, W L Prado da Silva, H. Prosper, S. Protopopescu, J. Qian, A. Quadt, B. Quinn, M. S. Rangel, K. J. Rani, K. Ranjan, P. N. Ratoff, P. Renkel, S. Reucroft, M. Rijssenbeek, I. Ripp-Baudot, F. Rizatdinova, S. Robinson, R. F. Rodrigues, C. Royon, P. Rubinov, R. Ruchti, G. Sajot, A. Sánchez-Hernández, M. P. Sanders, A. Santoro, G. Savage, L. Sawyer, T. Scanlon, D. Schaile, R. D. Schamberger, Y. Scheglov, H. Schellman, P. Schieferdecker, C. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, R. Schwienhorst, J. Sekaric, S. Sengupta, H. Severini, E. Shabalina, M. Shamim, V. Shary, A. A. Shchukin, R. K. Shivpuri, D. Shpakov, V. Siccardi, R. A. Sidwell, V. Šimák, V. Sirotenko, P. Skubic, P. Slattery, R. P. Smith, G. R. Snow, J. Snow, S. Söldner‐Rembold, X. Song, L. Sonnenschein, A. Sopczak, M. Sosebee, K. Soustružnı́k, M. Souza, B. Spurlock, J. Stark, J. Steele, V. Stolin, A. Stone, D. A. Stoyanova, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, M. A. Strang, M. Strauss, R. Ströhmer, D. Strom, M. Strovink, L. Stutte, S. Sumowidagdo, P. Svoisky, A. Sznajder, M. Talby, P. Tamburello, W. Taylor, P. Telford, J. Temple, B. Tiller, M. Titov, V. V. Tokmenin, M. Tomoto, T. Toole, I. Torchiani, T. Trefzger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, D. Tsybychev, B. Tuchming, C. Tully, P. M. Tuts, R. Unalan, S. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, B. Vachon, P. J. van den Berg, B. Van Eijk, R. Van Kooten, W. M. van Leeuwen, N. Varelas, E. W. Varnes, A. Vartapetian, I. A. Vasilyev, M. Vaupel, P. Verdier, L. S. Vertogradov, M. Verzocchi, M. C. Vetterli, F. Villeneuve-Seguier, P. Vint, J.-R. Vlimant, E. von Toerne, M. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, H. D. Wahl, L Wang, M. Wang, J. Warchol, G. Watts, M. Wayne, G. Weber, M. Weber, H. Weerts, N. Wermes, M. Wetstein, M. J. White, D. Wicke, G. Wilson, S. J. Wimpenny, M. Wobisch, J. Womersley, D. Wood, T. R. Wyatt, Y. Xie, S. Yacoob, R. Yamada, M. Yan, T. Yasuda, Y. A. Yatsunenko, K. Yip, H. D. Yoo, S. W. Youn, C. Yu, J. Yu, A. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, C. Zeitnitz, D Zhang, T. Zhao, B. Zhou, J. Zhu, M. Zieliński, D. Ziemińska, A. Ziemiński, V. Zutshi, E. G. Zverev
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical Review Letters · 2007
Typearticle
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaFundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESPCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueU.S. Department of EnergyVetenskapsrådetConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS)Federal Agency for Science and InnovationDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftKorea Science and Engineering FoundationWestern Canada Research GridAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaFermilabNational Science FoundationScience Foundation IrelandSecretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires
KeywordsTevatronPhysicsFermilabParticle physicsProduction (economics)QuarkStandard Model (mathematical formulation)Measure (data warehouse)ColliderLarge Hadron ColliderNuclear physicsComputer scienceDatabase
Abstract
The D0 Collaboration presents first evidence for the production of single top quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\overline{p}$ collider. Using a $0.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ dataset, we apply a multivariate analysis to separate signal from background and measure $\ensuremath{\sigma}(p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}tb+X,tqb+X)=4.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$. The probability to measure a cross section at this value or higher in the absence of a signal is $0.035%$, corresponding to a 3.4 standard deviation significance. We use the cross section measurement to directly determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element that describes the $Wtb$ coupling and find $0.68<|{V}_{tb}|\ensuremath{\le}1$ at $95%$ C.L. within the standard model.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.935
Threshold uncertainty score0.999
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.272
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations119
Published2007
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes