The p35 human invariant chain in transgenic mice restores mature B cells in the absence of endogenous CD74
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The invariant chain (Ii; CD74) has pleiotropic functions and Ii-deficient mice show defects in MHC class II (MHC II) transport and B cell maturation. In humans, but not in mice, a minor Iip35 isoform of unknown function includes an endoplasmic reticulum-retention motif that is masked upon binding of MHC II molecules. To gain further insight into the roles of Ii in B cell homeostasis, we generated Iip35 transgenic mice (Tgp35) and bred these with mice deficient for Ii (Tgp35/mIiKO). Iip35 was shown to compete with mIi for the binding to I-A(b) . In addition, classical endosomal degradation products (p20/p10) and the class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) fragment were detected. Moreover, Iip35 favored the formation of compact peptide-MHC II complexes in the Tgp35/mIiKO mice. I-A(b) levels were restored at the plasma membrane of mature B cells but Iip35 affected the fine conformation of MHC II molecules as judged by the increased reactivity of the AF6-120.1 antibody in permeabilized cells. However, the human Iip35 cannot fully replace the endogenous Ii. Indeed, most immature B cells in the bone marrow and spleen of transgenic mice had reduced surface expression of MHC II molecules, demonstrating a dominant-negative effect of Iip35 in Tgp35 mice. Interestingly, while maturation to follicular B cells was normal, Iip35 expression appeared to reduce the proportions of marginal zone B cells. These results emphasize the importance of Ii in B cell homeostasis and suggest that Iip35 could have regulatory functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".