Development and study of deck joints in prefabricated concrete bulb-tee bridge girders: Conceptual design
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Speed of construction, particularly for bridge replacement and repair projects, has become a critical issue to minimize disruption of traffic and commerce. A promising system for rapid construction is a precast bridge system using decked bulb tee prestressed concrete girders. This type of bridge includes manufacturing the bridge deck precast and pretensioned with the girder in the precast plant under controlled environment. Then, the precast girders are transported to the construction site, and placed over the abutments and piers beside each other with flanges of adjacent girders field connected. Load transfer between adjacent girders is provided by longitudinal joints parallel to traffic direction. This paper presents a new bridge deck slab flange-to-flange connection system for precast Deck Bulb Tee (DBT) girders. The objectives of this study were to develop moment-transferred and intermittent-bolted connections for DBT bridge girders in view of the ultimate strength of the connection system. Two types of moment-transferring connection and two types of intermittent-bolted connection were developed. The paper presents design procedure of the developed joints based on available design equations in North American design codes for bridges and structures as well as related design equations available in the literature. The developed joint was considered successful if the theoretical resistance satisfied the requirements specified in North American Bridge Codes. Comparison between the theoretical findings and the available experimental failure loaded of actual-size bridge deck specimens simulating the developed connection justified the proposed theoretical design procedure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".