SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED COMPOSITE CONICAL TANKS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Truncated Conical vessels are commonly used as liquid containers in elevated tanks. Despite the widespread of this type of structures worldwide, no direct code provisions are currently available covering their seismic analysis and design. During a seismic excita- tion, two components of hydrodynamic pressure develop inside a liquid-filled tank. Those are the impulsive component, which synchronizes with the vibration of the walls of the tank and the convective component associated with the free surface sloshing motion. The current study describes the seismic behaviour of an elevated conical tank having a composite steel/concrete construction. The study is conducted numerically using a coupled finite/boundary element model developed in-house. The walls of the tank are modeled using a degenerated consistent shell element. The impulsive component of the hydrodynamic pressure is formulated taking into account the fluid-structure interaction that occurs between the fluid pressure and the shell vibration. The numerical model also predicts the sloshing motion associated with a seismic excitation. Due to the inclination of the walls, the vertical component of seismic ground motion produces meridional axial stresses in a conical tank. As such, both the hori- zontal and vertical components of the seismic motion are considered in the study. Time histo- ry seismic analyses are conducted under a number of pre-recorded seismic excitations. The bending and membrane stresses obtained from the analyses are evaluated in various location of the structure and are compared to the values associated with hydrostatic pressure in order to assess the importance of seismic stresses in this type of structures. The maximum values for the free surface sloshing motion are also obtained from the seismic analyses. Finally, com- parisons are made between the seismic forces calculated using the equivalent cylinder ap- proach adopted in some of the design codes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".