Role of oxidative stress in multiparity-induced endothelial dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multiparity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We tested whether multiparity induces oxidative stress in rat vascular tissue. Coronary arteries and thoracic aorta were isolated from multiparous and age-matched virgin rats. Relaxation to ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was measured by wire myography. We also tested the effect of the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTE2PyP (30 microM), the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 microM), and the peroxynitrite scavenger FeTPPs (10 microM) on ACh-mediated relaxation in coronary arteries. Vascular superoxide anion was measured using the luminol derivative L-012 and nitric oxide (NO) generation by the Griess reaction. Multiparity reduced maximal response and sensitivity to ACh in coronary arteries [maximal relaxation (E(max)): multiparous 49+/-3% vs. virgins 95%+/-3%; EC(50): multiparous 135+/-1 nM vs. virgins 60+/-1 nM], and in aortic rings (E(max): multiparous 38+/-3% vs. virgins 79+/-4%; EC(50): multiparous 160+/-2 nM vs. virgins 90+/-3 nM). Coronary arteries from the two groups relaxed similarly to SNP. Superoxide anions formation was significantly higher in both coronary arteries (2.8-fold increase) and aorta (4.1-fold increase) from multiparous rats compared with virgins. In multiparous rats, incubation with MnTE2PyP, apocynin, and FeTPPs improved maximal relaxation to ACh (MnTE2PyP: 74+/-5%; vehicle: 41+/-5%; apocynin: 73+/-3% vs. vehicle: 41+/-3%; FeTPPs: 72+/-3% vs. vehicle: 46+/-3%) and increased sensitivity (EC(50): MnTE2PyP: 61+/-0.5 nM vs. vehicle: 91+/-1 nM; apocynin: 45+/-3 nM vs. vehicle: 91+/-6 nM; FeTPP: 131 +/- 2 nM vs. vehicle: 185+/-1 nM). Multiparity also reduced total nitrate/nitrite levels (multiparous: 2.5+/-2 micromol/mg protein vs. virgins: 7+/-1 micromol/mg protein) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels (multiparous: 0.53+/-0.1 protein/actin vs. virgins: 1.0+/-0.14 protein/actin). These data suggest that multiparity induces endothelial dysfunction through decreased NO bioavailability and increased reactive oxygen species formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".