Wetting front advancing column test for measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is the primary soil parameter required when performing seepage analyses for unsaturated–saturated soil systems. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is also one of the most difficult parameters to measure because of the time involved and the limited suction measurement range (e.g., 0∼1500 kPa in a test using the steady-state method). In this study, a new wetting front advancing method was developed for measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The wetting front advancing method simulates and monitors a soil wetting process through a large-scale soil column. A new interpretative procedure was developed to calculate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity based on the monitored water content, suction, and wetting front advancing velocity. The proposed technique is used to measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of five soils, which vary from gravel to clay. The results indicate that the proposed technique is time-saving (i.e., requires several days for a complete test) and is applicable over wide ranges of suctions and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities. The measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using the wetting front advancing method is similar to that obtained using the instantaneous profile method, with the latter covering narrower ranges of soil suction and hydraulic conductivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".