Miniaturized 180<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> Hybrid Coupler in LTCC for L-Band Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this letter, the lumped element technique is used to design a 180 ° hybrid coupler or balun for applications at L1 band. The material system employed is low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), which allows for three-dimensional passive integration. The proposed balun uses a modified equivalent circuit that permits the simultaneous optimization of amplitude and phase balances. A process for the quick tuning of the balun design parameters is also presented. Measurements at 1.575 GHz indicate insertion losses below 0.67 dB, an amplitude imbalance of 0.14 dB, and a phase difference of 179.1 °. To the author's best knowledge, this is the smallest and best performing lumped element balun for applications at L1 band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".