Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and adaptive filtering for ECG signal enhancement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The morphologic analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which are always contaminated by certain types of noise, is a very important standard for medical diagnosis of heart diseases and other pathological phenomena. In this paper a novel ECG enhancement method based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and adaptive filtering is proposed to filter out Gaussian noise and contact noise contained in raw ECG signals. The reference signal of the adaptive filter is produced by the selective reconstruction of the decomposition results of EEMD. Real ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database are used to validate the performance of the proposed method. Conventional Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), EEMD, and EEMD-Adaptive (EEMDA) are tested to compare the filtering performance. The results of simulations show that ECG signals can be significantly enhanced by using the proposed method where the contact noise is eliminated while useful ECG features are kept. It is shown that the EEMDA method is better than other filtering methods in terms of filtering ECG noise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".