Changes in satiety hormones and expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in rats weaned onto diets high in fibre or protein reflect susceptibility to increased fat mass in adulthood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Risk of developing obesity and diabetes may be influenced by the nutritional environment early in life. We examined the effects of high fibre or protein diets on satiety hormones and genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism during postnatal development and on adult fat mass. At 21 days of age, Wistar rat pups were weaned onto control (C), high fibre (HF) or high protein (HP) diet. Tissue and blood were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after birth. A second group of rats consumed the weaning diets until 4 months when they were switched to a high fat-high sugar diet for 6 weeks, after which body and fat mass and plasma glucose were determined. In young rats, HF diet increased plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) compared to C and HP and decreased leptin compared to C at postnatal days 28 and 35. Hepatic fatty acid synthase mRNA was down-regulated by HF and HP compared to C at days 28 and 35. In brown adipose tissue, HF increased uncoupling protein-3 mRNA whereas HP increased mRNA of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Body weight, fat mass and glycaemia in adult males and fat mass in females were greater after the high fat challenge in rats that consumed the HP diet from weaning. Increasing fibre or protein in postnatal diets causes rapid change in satiety hormone secretion and genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism which appear to influence fat mass and glycaemia in adulthood, high protein being associated with increased susceptibility to obesity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".