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Record W2162345525 · doi:10.3917/eh.072.0080

The financing of insurance companies in recent years

2014· article· fr· W2162345525 on OpenAlexaff
Leonardo Caruana de las Cagigas

Bibliographic record

VenueEntreprises et histoire · 2014
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicInsurance and Financial Risk Management
Canadian institutionsMusée de la Civilisation
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceHumanitiesPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Comment a évolué l’activité financière des compagnies d’assurances au cours des trente dernières années ? Elle s’est beaucoup développée, mais la croissance et l’extension du marché financier ont rendu le secteur plus important, plus diversifié et plus complexe, ce qui a amené des niveaux de risque plus élevés. De nouveaux produits comme les produits dérivés et la titrisation ont alimenté la croissance du secteur sur une longue période et ils ont été une des causes principales de la crise financière de 2008, au cours de laquelle des millions de dollars ont été perdus. Avant la crise, la performance de l’assurance prudentielle a changé en 2005, car de grandes catastrophes naturelles se sont produites, en particulier l’ouragan Katrina. Une conséquence a été l’augmentation des investissements dans les produits dérivés et dans la titrisation. Néanmoins les pertes subies par les compagnies d’assurances ont été inférieures à celles endurées par les banques.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.024
Threshold uncertainty score0.047

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.210
Teacher spread0.194 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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