Identification and Validation of Genomic Regions Associated with Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in White-Grained Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major abiotic constraints influencing the production of high quality grain.The flour milled from sprouted wheat grains has increased -amylase activity as compared to nonsprouted grain.PHS negatively affects the properties of flour with deleterious effects on bread and noodle quality.White-grained wheat is generally more susceptible to PHS damage than red-grained wheat.The objectives of this study were to identify a suitable method for phenotyping PHS resistance and to identify PHS resistance genomic regions and markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection in wheat improvement programs.A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population from a cross between two whitegrained spring wheat genotypes, Argent (non-dormant) and W98616 (dormant) was used in this study.Forty DH lines (20 dormant and 20 non-dormant) were evaluated for germination frequency, Falling Number, and -amylase activity in dry and waterimbibed seeds and spikes.The germination test was the most reliable method for measurement of PHS resistance, whereas the Falling Number and -amylase activity in dry harvested seeds could not be correlated to dormancy levels.However, a positive association (r = 0.60***) was detected between germination frequency and -amylase activity in imbibed seeds.To identify the genomic regions associated with PHS resistance, a genetic linkage map with a total genome coverage of 2,577 cM was developed.The map was constructed from 913 scored markers (356 SSR, 290 AFLP, 258 DArT and 9 EST) with an average marker density of 3.7 cM/marker.Five genomic regions on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 7A and 7D were associated with PHS resistance by interval mapping and all regions were contributed by the dormant parent W98616.A total of 60 Canadian wheat cultivars and experimental lines were screened with three SSR markers, DuPw004, barc170 and wmc650, located under the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4A.The SSR markers explained 60-75% of the total variation in germination frequency among different wheat genotypes.By using the DuPw004 marker in marker-assisted back crossing, the population size in the BC 1 F 1 and BC 2 F 1 generations were reduced by 41% and 59%, respectively.Thus, the 4A QTL markers have been proven useful for marker-assisted selection of PHS resistance for wheat improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".