Properties of guided modes on open structures near the cutoff region using a new version of complex effective dielectric constant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radiation region for open guiding structures is known to be further divided into antenna- and reactive-mode regions, and there is no clear cutoff point defined between the two regions. For a leaky-wave antenna, it is crucial that the antenna is designed to operate in the antenna-mode region so as to increase radiation efficiency, whereas in integrated circuits, the leakage should be suppressed to avoid unwanted coupling among circuits. Therefore, a reasonable definition of the two above-mentioned mode regions is necessary. In this paper, we propose a simple, but good alternative to define these two regions by means of a new version of complex effective dielectric constant, where the complex nature is due to leakage rather than dielectric or metal losses, as is customary. With the new approach, the reactive-mode region is found to be consistent with the conventional concept, and our results are similar to those in the literature. The present technique, however, helps in a better understanding of the results in a much easier way. Furthermore, we find for the first time that the attenuation constant in the deep reactive-mode region can be divided into two separate parts, one is due to the cutoff effect, while the other is caused by the leakage effect. Simple closed-form expressions are derived to determine the two kinds of effects. One can, therefore, gain some insight into the leakage effect in the reactive-mode region. A nonradiative-guide leaky-wave antenna is then investigated as a showcase and low radiation efficiency is observed in the reactive-mode region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".