Properties of guided modes on open structures near the cutoff region using a new version of complex effective dielectric constant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radiation region for open guiding structures is known to be further divided into antenna- and reactive-mode regions, and there is no clear cutoff point defined between the two regions. For a leaky-wave antenna, it is crucial that the antenna is designed to operate in the antenna-mode region so as to increase radiation efficiency, whereas in integrated circuits, the leakage should be suppressed to avoid unwanted coupling among circuits. Therefore, a reasonable definition of the two above-mentioned mode regions is necessary. In this paper, we propose a simple, but good alternative to define these two regions by means of a new version of complex effective dielectric constant, where the complex nature is due to leakage rather than dielectric or metal losses, as is customary. With the new approach, the reactive-mode region is found to be consistent with the conventional concept, and our results are similar to those in the literature. The present technique, however, helps in a better understanding of the results in a much easier way. Furthermore, we find for the first time that the attenuation constant in the deep reactive-mode region can be divided into two separate parts, one is due to the cutoff effect, while the other is caused by the leakage effect. Simple closed-form expressions are derived to determine the two kinds of effects. One can, therefore, gain some insight into the leakage effect in the reactive-mode region. A nonradiative-guide leaky-wave antenna is then investigated as a showcase and low radiation efficiency is observed in the reactive-mode region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".