Structure and properties of magnetically ordered ferroelectric and relaxor systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multiferroic materials have attracted renewed interest because they could induce magnetoelectric coupling, offering additional degrees of freedom in micro electromagnetic device design and applications. In this paper, the structural, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of some multiferroic materials will be presented with emphasis on the solid solution systems between BiFeO3 and PbTiO3 [(1-x)BF-xPT] and Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 and PbTiO3 [(1-x)PFW-xPT]. In the (1-x)BF-xPT system, a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region is present with coexisting tetragonal, rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases and a large tetragonality in the tetragonal phase region. The temperature variation of magnetic moment in the MPB compositions shows three anomalies, arising from the antiferromagnetic orderings of the rhombohedral, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, respectively. A low temperature magnetic ordering is found to arise from the long range superexchange of Fe3+-O-Ti-O-Fe3+ in the chemically ordered microregions. The magnetic transition temperature (TC) of this ordering increases with the increasing PT content and shows a maximum in (Bi0.45Pb0.55)(Fe0.45Ti0.55)O3, which is explained based on the competition between the effect of concentration of the chemically ordered micro-regions and that of coupling distance. The magnetic phase diagram of the (1-x)BF-xPT solid solution system is constructed. In the (1-x)PFW-xPT system, the macroscopic magnetization measured under the a magnetic field demonstrates different kinds of magnetic behavior associated with the weakly ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic ordering in the temperature range of 2 - 390 K. Interestingly, the low-temperature ferromagnetism is enhanced by the addition of ferroelectric PT up to x=0.27. The unique ferroelectric and magnetic relaxor behavior will also be discussed. Selected results on the BF-PT system are shown below.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".