Serotonin availability is increased in mucosa of guinea pigs with TNBS-induced colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
5-HT released from enterochromaffin cells acts on enteric nerves to initiate motor reflexes. 5-HT's actions are terminated by a serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inflammation leads to altered mucosal 5-HT signaling. Colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and experiments were conducted on day 6. 5-HT content, number of 5-HT-immunoreactive cells, and the proportion of epithelial cells that were 5-HT-immunoreactive increased twofold in colitis. The amount of 5-HT released under basal and stimulated conditions was significantly increased in colitis. SERT inhibition increased the 5-HT concentration in media bathing-stimulated control tissue to a level comparable to that of the stimulated colitis tissue. mRNA encoding SERT and SERT immunoreactivity were reduced during inflammation. Slower propulsion and reduced sensitivity to 5-HT-receptor antagonism were observed in colitis. These data suggest that colitis alters 5-HT signaling by increasing 5-HT availability while decreasing 5-HT reuptake. Altered 5-HT availability may contribute to the dysmotility of inflammatory bowel disease, possibly due to desensitization of 5-HT receptors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".