Origin and life history of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) near their northernmost oceanic limit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
138 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) captured in the Advent Fjord off Svalbard were genetically assigned to two main clusters of European salmon. Two-thirds were assigned to salmon rivers in Finnmark (the northernmost county in Norway) and the rest to salmon rivers further south in Norway. The genetic assignment was based on genetic profiles from 60 Norwegian rivers. The two clusters correspond to two larger genetic groupings: the Barents–White seas and Atlantic groupings. Thus, we cannot rule out other populations from these groupings as sources of Atlantic salmon at Svalbard. Svalbard salmon assigned to the two genetic groupings differed in ecological and phenological traits, with highest smolt age and lowest postsmolt growth in the Finnmark salmon cluster. High smolt ages in both groups, however, suggest a northern origin of most individuals in the sample. Although Atlantic salmon have sporadically been observed in the Arctic Ocean at earlier times, the high abundance outlined here seems to be a recent phenomenon, suggesting a northward penetration caused by climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".