Soy extracts suppressed iodine uptake and stimulated the production of autoimmunogen in rat thyrocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soy consumption is associated with thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, goiter, and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) as well as increased iodine requirement in certain cases. However, the anti-thyroid component(s) in soy are yet to be identified and the molecular mechanism(s) involved remain unclear. This study examined the effects of soy isoflavones (ISF) on iodide uptake and expression of thyroglobulin (Tg) and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in thyrocytes. Fischer rat thyroid cells (FRTL) were treated with Novasoy (a soy alcohol extract containing 30% ISF) or major ISF aglycones or glycosides for 24 h. Iodide uptake was measured by a colorimetric assay. The protein level of Tg and NIS was measured by Western blotting. Cytotoxicity of tested compounds was determined by the MTT cell proliferation assay. Iodide uptake in FRTL cells was dose-dependently suppressed by Novasoy added into the cell culture (10, 25, or 50 µg/mL, P < 0.05). However, neither the major ISF aglycones nor glycosides alone or in combination had similar effects. Novasoy (up to 200 µg/mL) had no cytotoxic effect. Novasoy (1, 10, and 50 µg/mL) and genistein (1 and 10 µM) markedly increased the protein content of a 40 kDa Tg fragment (P40, a known autoimmunogen) and non-glycosylated NIS in the FRTL cells (P < 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrated that the alcohol soluble component(s) other than the major ISF in soy remarkably inhibited iodide uptake in the FRTL cells. Soy ISF, particularly genistein, induced the production of P40, which might be responsible for the higher incidence of ATD reported in soy infant formula-fed children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".