Physiological and Ethological Effects of Caffeine, Theophylline, Cocaine and Atropine; Study Using the Ant Myrmica sabuleti (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) as A Biological Model
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aiming to check if ants can be used as biological models, we studied the effects of four alkaloids on the ant Myrmica sabuleti. Caffeine and theophylline increased the ants’ linear speed, decreased their precision of reaction and their food consumption, did not affect their response to pheromones, nor their audacity, largely increased their conditioning ability and their memory; ants did not become habituated to nor dependent on these alkaloids. The effects of caffeine exponentially decreased in the course of time; those of theophylline slowly decreased sigmoidally after a latency period. Cocaine decreased the ants’ linear speed, their precision of reaction, their response to pheromones and their consumption of food; it increased their audacity; under its consumption, ants became unable to acquire conditioning. Ants became habituated to and dependent on such an alkaloid. The effects of cocaine rapidly vanished in the course of time. Atropine did not affect the ants’ locomotion, decreased their precision of reaction and their response to pheromones because it reduced their olfactory perception; it did not affect their audacity, decreased their food consumption, increased the speed in acquiring conditioning but not the quality of the resulting conditioning; it slightly increased their memory. Ants did not become habituated to, nor dependent on this alkaloid. The effects of atropine vanished in about 20 hrs - 30 hrs. These effects are in agreement with those known by physiologists, psychologists and doctors in medicine; observations made on ants even lead to more precise deductions. Consequently, ants can efficiently be used as biological models.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it