Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sand‐dominated coastlines backed by transverse foredunes, dome dunes, and parabolic dunes occur at several sites along the coastline of southwest Newfoundland, extending from Sandbanks Provincial Park (Burgeo) to Grand Bay West (Channel‐Port‐aux‐Basques) and north to J.T. Cheeseman Provincial Park. The coastal dunes developed during the mid‐Holocene in response to enhanced sediment availability and flux, coupled with effective sediment retention. Under present environmental conditions, development of aeolian dunes is hindered. Recent changes in the geomorphology of these coastlines provide evidence of the impact of anthropogenic activity. Differing time scales of both weather/climate events and landform response complicate interpretation. Anthropogenic modification, both intentional and accidental, represents a locally dominant geomorphic influence, and these dunes have evolved rapidly in response to anthropogenic pressure coupled with storm events. Changes in the southwest Newfoundland economy have led to increased interest in tourism, and consequent pressure on the sandy coastlines and backing dunes. Increased anthropogenic utilization of the coast for recreational purposes, both by residents and tourists, and limited offshore winter ice and onshore snow cover have resulted in accelerated erosion and degradation of the dunes and coastlines. The influx of sand from the beaches is insufficient to replace that removed through natural and anthropogenic causes. Consequently, the coastal dunes of southwest Newfoundland are essentially relict and will not regenerate following anthropogenic disturbance. On trouve à plusieurs endroits le long des côtes sud‐ouest de Terre‐Neuve, du parc provincial Sandbanks (Burgeo) à Grand Bay Ouest (Channel‐Port‐aux‐Basques) et vers le nord jusqu'au parc provincial J.T. Cheeseman, des littoraux à prédominance de dunes où se sont formées des avant‐dunes transversales, des dunes en forme de dôme et des dunes paraboliques. Les dunes maritimes sont apparues vers le milieu de l'ère holocène en réaction à la disponibilité accrue de sédiments et à leur flux alliés à leur rétention efficace. Ainsi, les conditions environnementales actuelles entravent la formation de dunes éoliennes. Des changements récents à la géomorphologie de ces littoraux fournissent la preuve que l'activité anthropique a des conséquences. Les événements météorologiques et climatiques ainsi que la réaction topographique étant reliés à des échelles de temps différentes, compliquent l'interprétation. Une modification anthropique, qu'elle soit intentionnelle ou accidentelle, constitue une influence géomorphologique locale dominante. Ces dunes ont évolué rapidement en raison de ces pressions anthropiques alliées à des événements pluvio‐hydrologiques. Des changements dans l'économie du sud‐ouest de Terre‐Neuve ont suscité un regain d'intérêt pour le tourisme, ce qui a eu pour effet de créer des pressions sur les littoraux sablonneux et les dunes. L'accroissement de l'utilisation du littoral à des fins récréatives, tant par les résidents que les touristes, et l'accumulation limitée de glace en mer et de neige sur les côtes ont accéléré l'érosion et la détérioration des dunes et des littoraux. L'afflux de sable des plages est insuffisant pour remplacer celui qui disparaît pour des raisons naturelles ou anthropiques. En conséquence, les dunes maritimes du sud‐ouest de Terre‐Neuve sont essentiellement des reliques et ne se régénéreront pas si elles sont perturbées par des causes anthropiques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".