Efficacy of <scp>V</scp> apam fumigant against clubroot ( <i> <scp>P</scp> lasmodiophora brassicae </i> ) of canola
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by P lasmodiophora brassicae , has become a serious threat to canola ( B rassica napus ) production in western C anada. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions to assess the effect of V apam fumigant (dithiocarbamate; sodium N‐methyldithiocarbamate) on primary and secondary infection by P . brassicae , clubroot severity, and growth parameters in canola. Preliminary trials showed a 12–16‐fold reduction in primary and secondary infection and clubroot severity at all of the V apam application rates (0·4–1·6 mL L −1 soil) assessed. V apam was also found to be effective in reducing clubroot severity and improving seed yield of canola under field conditions. Application of V apam at soil moisture levels in the range of 10–30% (v:v) had a large effect on both disease severity and infection rates and plant growth parameters. The results suggest that V apam can effectively reduce clubroot severity and may be useful for the treatment of transplant propagation beds in brassica vegetable production, and for the containment of small, localized clubroot infestations in commercial canola crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".