Photocatalytic Efficiency of Zeolite‐Based TiO <sub>2</sub> Composites for Reduction of Cu ( <scp>II</scp> ): Kinetic Models
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates the photoactivity of novel zeolite‐based T i O 2 composites modified with metal particles for the photoreduction of C u 2+ , depending on the zeolite and metal particles ( A g or F e) content and to establish the photoreduction mechanism. The composites have been prepared by incorporating zeolite particles in the sols during the sol‐gel preparation of the T i O 2 , followed by impregnation of the gels in solutions containing metal ions. The zeolite‐based T i O 2 composites have been characterized using X ‐ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy techniques and TEM microscopy. The role of zeolite particles in the photoreduction process was demonstrated by using different kinetic models. The apparent constant rate for photoreduction increases in direct proportion with the content of zeolite and is higher for the composites modified with F e than for those modified with A g nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that composites have a higher photocatalytic efficiency than T i O 2 . The experiments in this study reveal that the migration of C u 2+ in solution occurs rapidly and that the diffusion through the film on the composite's surface and, subsequently, the photoreduction process are the rate limiting steps. The role of the zeolite in photoreduction is to diminish the recombination rate of the charge carriers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it