Integrated analysis of protein and glucose metabolism during surgery: effects of anesthesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess dynamic changes in protein and glucose metabolism during surgery. Twelve patients undergoing colorectal surgery received either intravenous propofol anesthesia (n = 6) or inhalational anesthesia with desflurane (n = 6). Pre- and intraoperative protein and glucose kinetics were analyzed by an isotope dilution technique using L-[1-(13)C]leucine and [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol were measured before and after 2 h of surgery. The rates of appearance of leucine and glucose, leucine oxidation, protein synthesis, and glucose clearance decreased during surgery, independent of the type of anesthesia (P < 0.05). A correlation between the rate of appearance of leucine and glucose was observed (r = 0.755, P < 0.001). Intraoperative plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations increased (P < 0.05), whereas plasma concentrations of lactate, free fatty acids, insulin, and glucagon did not change. Surgery causes a depression of whole body protein and glucose metabolism, independent of the anesthetic technique. There is a correlation between perioperative glucose production and protein breakdown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".