VHF tropospheric scatterer anisotropy at Resolute Bay and its implications for tropospheric radar‐derived wind accuracies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge about the anisotropy of VHF radio wave scatterers in the atmosphere is important when VHF wind profiler radars are used to measure atmospheric winds by Doppler beam‐swinging methods, since appropriate correction factors must be employed. In this study, the anisotropy of the scatterers is determined using two different methods, over the course of a full year, for a VHF radar at Resolute Bay in northern Canada (75°N). The first method utilizes direct comparisons of the radar‐derived winds with those of radiosondes launched from close to the site, while the second uses comparisons of powers received on vertical and off‐vertical beams. The study is unique in that a full year of radiosonde data were available from balloons which were launched from a site only 4 km from the radar. The two methods for estimating the anisotropy at first appear to give slightly different conclusions, but by properly considering the errors associated with both radar and radiosonde measurements it is possible not only to reconcile the two sets of measurements but also to give reasonable estimates of the errors associated with both the sonde and radar winds. An important result which arises is that the radar data have very similar accuracies to the radiosonde data. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that in the past, radar wind measurements may have been overcorrected, because the errors in the sonde measurements may not have been properly considered in determining the correct conversions. Seasonal variations in the aspect sensitivity are found but are not large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".