Flow Regime Identification in a Bubble Column Based on both Kolmogorov Entropy and Quality of Mixedness Derived from CAERPT Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Computer‐automated radioactive particle tracking (CARPT) data obtained in a 0.162 m air‐water bubble column operated at ambient pressure have been analysed. The superficial gas velocity (Ug) has been varied in the range 0.02‐0.12 m/s under constant liquid height 1.04 m. A perforated plate (82 holes ø 0.4 mm, free plate area 0.05 %) distributor has been used. The Kolmogorov entropy (KE) vs.Ugallows identification of the transition velocity (Utrans= 0.064 m/s) between bubbly and transition regimes. KE models for both regimes have been also developed. The quality of mixedness (QM) concept shows that QM(upper zone) ⊕ QM(lower zone) atUtrans= 0.064 m/s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".