An All-Digital Self-Calibration Method for a Vernier-Based Time-to-Digital Converter
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new calibration method for a Vernier-based time-to-digital converter (TDC). In the proposed method, delay lines in the TDC are configured as on-chip ring oscillators for generating a sequence of time events. These time events are applied to the TDC in the calibration mode, and then, the probability distribution of output codes is determined. The variations of the quantization step and the actual transfer characteristic representing the TDC are estimated through statistical analysis of the output codes. The proposed method eliminates the need for accurate external sources typically used for TDC calibration. Simulation and experimental results using a field-programmable gate array platform indicate that the method can successfully be employed to calibrate high-resolution TDCs with reasonable accuracy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it