Consumer Valuations of Beef Steak Food Safety Enhancement in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the United States
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Food safety concerns have had dramatic impacts on food and livestock markets in recent years. We examine consumer preferences for beef steak food safety assurances. We evaluate the extent to which preferences are heterogeneous within and across country‐of‐residence defined groups and examine the distributional nature of preferences with respect to marginal improvements in food safety. Using mixed logit models, we find that consumers in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the United States have willingness to pay preferences that are nonlinear in the level of food safety risk reduction. In particular, consumers in Japan and Mexico have preferences that are convex and consumers in Canada and the United States have preferences concave in the level of food safety enhancement. Les inquiétudes entourant la sécurité alimentaire ont eu des répercussions considérables sur le marché du bétail et le marché des aliments au cours des dernières années. Nous avons examiné les préférences des consommateurs concernant l'assurance de la sécurité alimentaire de la viande de bœuf. Nous avons évalué dans quelle mesure les préférences des consommateurs étaient hétérogènes au sein de groupes établis selon le pays de résidence et entre ces groupes, et avons examiné la nature distributionnelle des préférences à l'égard des améliorations marginales de la sécurité alimentaire. L'utilisation de modèles logit mixtes nous a permis d'établir que la volonté de payer des consommateurs du Canada, du Japon, du Mexique et des États‐Unis étaient non linéaires lorsqu'il était question de diminuer le degré de risque concernant la sécurité alimentaire. Les préférences des consommateurs du Japon et du Mexique étaient convexes, tandis que celles des consommateurs du Canada et des États‐Unis étaient concaves lorsqu'il était question d'accroître le niveau de sécurité alimentaire.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it