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Record W2164132892 · doi:10.1109/mwscas.2001.986327

A coupled two-stage ring oscillator

2002· article· en· W2164132892 on OpenAlex
A. Rezayee, K. Martin

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsVoltage-controlled oscillatorRing oscillatorVackář oscillatorDelay line oscillatorVariable-frequency oscillatorRing (chemistry)PhysicsFrequency driftLocal oscillatorDigitally controlled oscillatorStage (stratigraphy)CMOSPierce oscillatorVoltagePower (physics)Quadrature (astronomy)Phase noiseElectrical engineeringOptoelectronicsEngineeringQuantum mechanicsOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Modeling, analysis and test results of a fabricated coupled two-stage ring oscillator are presented in this paper. The oscillator consists of two two-stage ring oscillators which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency, but with 45 degrees phase difference resulting in two sets of quadrature outputs. It has been proven analytically that the coupled ring oscillator has an inherent capability of oscillating with frequencies as high as 1.96 times that of a single three-stage ring. A coupled two-stage ring oscillator, fabricated in CMOS 0.18 /spl mu/m technology, is described. This VCO has frequency tuning range of 2.5 - 9 GHz for a 1.8 V power supply voltage.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.492
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.234
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations49
Published2002
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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