Disparités linguistiques de revenu au Canada selon la langue parlée à la maison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les données des recensements de 1981 et 1986 démontrent que les écarts bruts de revenus entre francophones et anglophones sont beaucoup plus substantiels lorsqu’on considère les revenus totaux plutôt que les revenus de travail. Cet écart défavorable aux francophones est nettement accentué si la base linguistique est la langue parlée à la maison plutôt que la langue maternelle, partout sauf au Québec. La tendance à la baisse des écarts de revenus au Québec a connu un temps d’arrêt entre 1980 et 1985, contrairement au Canada hors Québec. Lorsqu’on tient compte de l’âge et de la scolarité, les écarts restent généralement favorables aux anglophones, sauf au Québec, où ces écarts nets varient dans un sens ou dans l’autre.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".