Alveolar Bone Regeneration for Immediate Implant Placement Using an Injectable Bone Substitute: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a ready‐to‐use injectable bone substitute for bone regeneration around dental implants placed into fresh extraction sockets. Methods: Third and fourth mandibular premolars were extracted from three beagle dogs and the interradicular septa were surgically reduced to induce a mesial bone defect. Thereafter, titanium implants were immediately placed. On the left side of the jaw, mesial bone defects were filled with an injectable bone substitute (IBS), obtained by combining a polymer and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules. The right defects were left unfilled as controls. After 3 months of healing, specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluations. Results: No post‐surgical complications were observed during the healing period. In all experimental conditions, histological observations revealed a lamellar bone formation in contact with the implant. Histomorphometric analysis showed that IBS triggers a significant ( P <0.05) increase in terms of the number of threads in contact with bone, bone‐to‐implant contact, and peri‐implant bone density of approximately 8.6%, 11.0%, and 14.7%, respectively. In addition, no significant difference was observed when number of threads, bone‐to‐implant contact, and bone density in the filled defects were compared to the no‐defect sites. Conclusion: It is concluded that an injectable bone substitute composed of a polymeric carrier and calcium phosphate significantly increases bone regeneration around immediately placed implants. J Periodontol 2004;75:663‐671 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".