Effects of short‐term training on plasma acid‐base balance during incremental exercise in man
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of short-term submaximal training on plasma acid-base balance during exercise. The influence of water and ion exchange between plasma, active muscles and erythrocytes in the response to training were also studied. The contributions of independent physicochemical variables (i.e. strong ion difference ([SID]), total concentration of weak acids ([Atot]) and PO2) to changes in arterial (a) and femoral venous (v) plasma [H+] were examined in six subjects (age 24+/-1.5 years; maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2,max), 3.67+/-0.24 l min(-1)) during steady-state cycling for 15 min at each of 30, 65 and 75% of VO2,max before (pre) and after (post) training for 7 days on a cycle ergometer (2 h daily at 60 % VO2,max). The rise in [H+]a during exercise was attenuated post-training by 3 and 5 nequiv l(-1) (P<0.05) at 65 and 75% VO2,max, respectively, due first to less decrease in [SID]a, secondary to lower [Cl-]a and [Lac-]a; and second, to a reduction in [Atot]a, due to greater plasma volume and less plasma water flux (Jv) into leg muscle (P<0.05). The rise in [H+]v was also less in post-training by 4.5 and 6 nequiv l(-1) (P<0.05) at 65 and 75% VO2,max, respectively, and attributed solely to lower [Atot]v (P<0.05). Attenuation of exercise induced decreases in plasma [SID]a and [SID]v from rest to 75 % VO2,max was accompanied by reductions in erythrocyte Lac- and Cl- uptake (P<0.05), and smaller increases in erythrocyte K+ release (P<0.05). We conclude that the training-induced attenuation of the rise in plasma [H+]a and [H+]v during incremental exercise resulted from adaptive changes within muscles (less Lac- production and less water uptake) and erythrocytes (less uptake of Lac-, Cl- and K+), leading to greater [SID] and lower [Atot] in both arterial and femoral venous plasma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".