Suitability of mine tailings for shotcrete as a ground support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mine tailings produced during mineral processing have traditionally been treated as a waste material and require special attention at disposal. This tradition is changing because of technology advancements and public awareness of the environmental impacts of tailings disposal on the surface. In recent years, there is an increasing trend to make the tailings a useful material. This paper presents the results of research on using the full mine tailings for shotcrete for underground support. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the relevant mechanical properties. Mortars made of tailings-binder mix were tested in various conditions. Sand and fibers were added to investigate their strengthening capability. This study produced valuable data. The compressive strength for the test conditions was satisfactory. The flexural strength exceeded the ASTM standards. Polymer fibers were found more effective than steel fibers as strengthening materials. Overall, this research has demonstrated the potential of mine tailings for shotcreting.Key words: mine tailings, shotcrete, compressive, flexural strength, fibers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".