Hormetic Effects of Hormones, Antihormones, and Antidepressants on Cancer Cell Growth in Culture: In Vivo Correlates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evidence is presented that the ability of hormones and antihormones to cause biphasic (hormetic) proliferative responses in cancer cells in vitro correlates with a similar effect of these substances in humans with cancer. Certain antidepressants also produce biphasic growth responses of cancer cells in vitro and stimulate cancer growth in rodents, correlating with an increased risk of breast and other cancers in some, but not all, epidemiological studies assessing early and/or late cancer incidence in patients on antidepressant drugs. The observation that certain drugs with biphasic effects on cancer cell growth in vitro may also produce an "up-down" effect on cancer growth in humans supports Calabrese's suggestion that the concept of the hormetic dose response must be taken seriously by toxicologists and regulators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".