Detection and Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk and Honey Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Canadian Penny‐Based SERS Nano‐Biosensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We integrated molecularly imprinted polymers with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MIPs-SERS) to develop an innovative nano-biosensor for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk and honey products. Template molecule (CAP), functional monomer (acrylamide), cross-linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), initiator (2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile)), and porogen (methanol) were employed to form MIPs via "dummy" precipitation polymerization. Static and kinetic studies validated the specific selectivity of MIPs toward CAP over nonimprinted polymers (imprinting factor >4). Canadian penny-based silver nano-structure was synthesized as SERS-active substrate for determination of CAP in food matrices. Collected spectra were processed by principal component analysis to differentiate various concentrations of CAP in foods. Partial least squares regression models showed good prediction values (R > 0.9) of actual spiked contents (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 ppm) of CAP in milk and honey. This developed nano-biosensor is low cost, requires little sample pretreatment, and can provide reliable detection of trace level of chemical hazards in food systems within a total of 15 min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".