Molecular cloning and spatio-temporal expression of the prostaglandin transporter: A basis for the action of prostaglandins in the bovine reproductive system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play important roles in mammalian reproductive function through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions. However, they predominate as charged anions and diffuse poorly across the plasma membrane. Recently, a PG transporter (PGT) has been found to mediate PG transport across cell membranes. In ruminants, endometrial PGs are transported by a vascular pathway to the ovary to regress or rescue the corpus luteum. There is no report on the role of PGT in the reproductive functions of any species. We have cloned and characterized the bovine PGT (bPGT) that transports different PGs in the following affinity order: PGE2 = PGF2alpha >/= PGD2 much greater than arachidonate. bPGT mRNA and protein are expressed in endometrium, myometrium, and the utero-ovarian plexus (UOP) during the estrous cycle. The level of bPGT expression is higher in endometrium and UOP on the side of corpus luteum between days 13 and 18 of the estrous cycle. bPGT protein is localized in endometrial stroma, luminal epithelial cells, myometrial smooth muscle cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells of uterine vein and artery. In UOP, bPGT is selectively expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of uterine vein and ovarian artery. Spatio-temporal expression of bPGT in uterine tissues and UOP supports a significant role of bPGT in cellular and compartmental transport of PGs to mediate the endocrine action at the time of luteolysis or establishment of pregnancy in bovine. This study describes and proposes a role of PGT in the regulation of reproductive processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".