Deformation measurement and long‐term behaviour of passively prestressed pressure tunnels through the example of the Niagara Tunnel Facility Project / Verformungsmessung und Langzeitverhalten von passiv vorgespannten Druckstollen am Beispiel des Niagara Tunnel Facility Projekt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The recently completed Niagara Tunnel Facility Project in the province of Ontario in Canada is an extension of the Sir Adam Beck hydropower station originally built in the 19th century. The project includes the construction of a diversion tunnel to supply the existing hydropower station with an additional 500 m3 of water per second. The long‐term stability of the unreinforced concrete lining is assured by a passive prestressed concrete lining according to the principles of Seeber. The operational water pressures reach 13 bar at the deepest point of the tunnel. In order to be able to monitor the slight deformations of the lining in the course of the prestressing process, an innovatively thought‐out method of surveying had to be developed. The results of the deformation and long‐term monitoring are presented. Das kürzlich fertiggestellte Niagara Tunnel Facility Projekt in der Provinz Ontario in Kanada ist eine Erweiterung des im 19. Jahrhundert erbauten Sir Adam Beck Wasserkraftwerks. Das Projekt umfasst den Bau eines Umleitungsstollens, der das bestehende Wasserkraftwerk mit zusätzlichen 500 m3 Wasser pro Sekunde speist. Für die langfristige Stabilität der unbewehrten Betonschale wird die Schale nach dem Prinzip der passiven Vorspannung nach Seeber vorgespannt. Die betrieblichen Wasserdrücke erreichen am tiefsten Punkt des Tunnels rund 13 bar. Um die geringen Verformungen der Schale im Zuge des Vorspannungsprozesses messtechnisch überwachen zu können, musste eine innovative Vermessungsmethode entwickelt werden. Ergebnisse der Verformungs‐ und der Langzeitmessung werden vorgestellt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".