Prenatal vesico-allantoic cyst outcome - a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the prognostic significance of a cystic vesico-allantoic communication discovered on prenatal ultrasound in terms of its effect on the developing urinary tract. METHODS: Multi-institution review of prenatal screening ultrasound was performed between 2004 and 2015 to identify cases of in utero communication between the fetal urinary bladder and a cystic dilatation of the umbilical cord. Gestational age at diagnosis, perinatal evolution, and eventual urinary tract outcome are described and compared with existing literature. RESULTS: Five cases of cystic vesico-allantoic communication were identified on second-trimester screening ultrasound. Serial ultrasounds showed an increase in the size of the umbilical cystic component with gestational age, followed by its eventual rupture prior to delivery. All neonates had urinary leakage through the inferior portion of the umbilicus with bladder prolapse ranging from patent urachus to partial bladder exstrophy. CONCLUSIONS: An isolated prenatal ultrasound finding of an hourglass communication between the fetal bladder and a cyst of the umbilical cord should be considered predictive of a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy. Given the significant ramications on the developing urinary tract, the prenatal finding of vesico-allantoic cyst warrants referral to a high-risk obstetrical center with urologic consultation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".