Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A review of the Nearctic—Neotropical migration system reveals that: (1) 90% of breeding land and fresh-water species in the sub-Arctic are migrants, 80% in southern Ontario, and 50–60% in Florida and Arizona. (2) Insectivorous Parulinae winter from 30°N to 10°S; seed-eating Emberizinae from 40° to 15°N; aerial feeding Tyrannidae and diurnal birds-of-prey trans-equatorially; and ducks from 50° to 5°N. (3) Co-occurrence of migrant species is facilitated by geographic and habitat allopatry, varying levels of ecological distinctness, sparse dispersal, and, sometimes, intraspecific spatial separation of sexes and age-groups. (4) Migrant—resident co-occurrence is facilitated by high proportions of the two belonging to different taxonomic and ecological groups and, within families, partial feeding zone and habitat segregation. All, however, draw on a common food pool. Too little is known about the winter food support base, differential habitat utilizations, species abundances, and biological needs, eith...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".