Glomerular handling of native albumin in the presence of circulating modified albumins by the normal rat kidney
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent hyperglycemia, as occurring in diabetes, induces changes in circulating as well as in structural proteins. These changes involve substitution of lysine residues by glucose adducts resulting in early Amadori products that evolve into toxic and active substances, the advanced glycation end adducts. In previous studies, we demonstrated that early glycated (Amadori) albumin infused into the circulation of normal animals induces transitory alterations of glomerular filtration. Attempting to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes, various molecular modifications were introduced in vitro to serum albumin. Glycation, acetylation, carboxymethylation, methylation, and succinylation, involving either a few or a significant number of amino acid residues, produced heavier and more anionic albumin molecules compared with the native one. Native and each of the modified albumin molecules were injected intravenously into normal rats, followed, 30 min later, by hapten-tagged native BSA. Changes in glomerular filtration were evaluated by morphometrical analysis of gold immunolabelings. Compared with native albumin, all the modified forms of albumin induced a deeper penetration of the tracer through the glomerular basement membrane revealing alterations in glomerular permselectivity. This was more evident for severely modified albumin molecules which displayed high labelings in the urinary space and endocytic compartments of proximal tubule epithelial cells. These results indicate that modifications of serum albumin, even minimal, as those occurring in early diabetes, could immediately affect the permselectivity properties of the glomerular wall leading, with time, to severe glomerulopathies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".