Effects of density on cyclic behaviour of anisotropically consolidated Ottawa sand under undrained torsional loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The undrained response of Ottawa sand to cyclic torsional loading in a hollow cylinder apparatus is assessed at various densities. The cyclic resistance of Ottawa sand is strongly affected by anisotropic consolidation. It is less than half of the cyclic strength of isotropically consolidated material at the loose state; this trend reverses at the dense state. Cyclic strength resistance increases with density irrespective of consolidation path. Anisotropically consolidated specimens develop at all densities a terminal excess pore-water pressure which is less than 40% of the initial effective stress, and fail due to strain rather than pore-water pressure accumulation, contrary to isotropically consolidated specimens reaching pore pressure ratios higher than 70%. The development of excess pore-water pressure is uniquely related to the shear work imparted to the specimen; at the same excess pore-water pressure ratio shear work increases with density, whereas it is not affected by the applied cyclic shear stress amplitude. The phase transformation line is not affected by the consolidation path and appears to be the same under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".