Neurotrophic factor expression in expandable cell populations from brain samples in living patients with Parkinson's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cell-based therapies offer promise for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, durable and effective transplantation substrates need to be defined. This study characterized the feasibility and growth properties of primary cultures established from small-volume brain biopsies taken during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in patients with PD. The lineage and expression of neurotrophic factors with known beneficial actions in PD-affected brain circuitry were also evaluated. Nineteen patients with PD undergoing DBS surgery consented to brain biopsies prior to electrode implantation. Cultures from these samples exhibited exponential and plateau phases of growth and were readily expanded throughout multiple passages. There was robust expression of progenitor markers and the unexpected colocalization of neural and mesenchymal proteins. The oligodendrocyte transcription factor, Olig1, and the myelin-specific sphingolipid, galactocerebroside, were coexpressed with each of glial-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated homogeneous expression of both nestin and Olig1 throughout the expanded cultures. Cells remained viable after a year in cryostorage. These findings confirm the feasibility of small brain biopsies as an expandable source of autologous cell substrate in living patients and demonstrate the complex phenotype of these cells, with implications for therapeutic application in PD and other neurological diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".