Treadmill exercise in mice increases intestinal lymphocyte loss via apoptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Strenuous exercise is associated with a transient decline in circulating lymphocytes, possibly through increased apoptosis. Intestinal lymphocytes are important effector cells of intestinal immune function but have not been studied in relation to exercise. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of exercise on intestinal lymphocyte phenotypes and apoptosis. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 112) were randomized to: (1) treadmill running (90 min, 32 m min-1, 8 degrees grade) and killed immediately after exercise, (2) treadmill running and killed 2 h after exercise, (3) treadmill running and killed 24 h after exercise or (4) a non-exercised control condition with exposure to treadmill noise and vibration without running. RESULTS: Flow cytometry indicated that the total intestinal CD3+T (P < 0.01), CD4+T (P < 0.005), CD8+T (P < 0.05), pan-NK (P < 0.005) and CD19+B (P < 0.05) lymphocytes were significantly lower 24 h after exercise compared with non-exercised controls. Significantly more CD3+T (P < 0.05) and CD8+T (P < 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes stained positive for annexin V, a marker of apoptosis, at 24 h after exercise compared with intestinal lymphocytes from non-exercised controls. Plasma corticosterone and 8-isoprostane concentrations were also significantly higher immediately after exercise compared with other exercise conditions. CONCLUSION: Acute strenuous exercise increases intestinal T (CD3+ and CD8+) lymphocyte loss and apoptosis. The extent to which the exercise-induced apoptosis in intestinal lymphocytes is mediated by increased glucocorticoid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract will require further studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".