Dual origins of social parasitism in North American <i>Dialictus</i> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) confirmed using a phylogenetic approach
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bee subgenus Dialictus (Halictidae: Lasioglossum) displays a large array of behaviours including solitary behaviour, eusociality, and social parasitism. Socially parasitic Dialictus share a suite of morphological traits; these could result from shared ancestry, but given their functional significance, could also have resulted from adaptive convergence. A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic approach was used to test for monophyly of North American socially parasitic Dialictus. Two data sets were used in the phylogenetic analyses. First, short mitochondrial DNA sequences from previous taxonomic studies of North American Dialictus, including six social parasites, were used because of the broad taxon sampling they provide. These data were analysed in combination with a set of 40 morphological characters, including a large proportion of characters associated with social parasitism. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined DNA barcode and morphology data set resolves two distinct lineages of social parasite. The second data set was based on three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, elongation factor 1α, and long-wavelength rhodopsin), but with sparser taxon sampling, including one representative from each putative social parasite-lineage. This also supported dual origins of social parasitism among North American Dialictus. The evolution of social parasitism is discussed. © The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it