PAPA‐UIC: a design approach and a framework for secure mobile<i>ad hoc</i>networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Security of MobileAd hocNetworks (MANETs) is still a hard problem after years of research. We propose a new design approach and a framework for securing a practical type of MANETs. The framework is namedPAPA‐UIC, short forPre‐planned Ad‐hoc Proactive Approach Using Identity‐based Cryptography. In proactive approach, the system starts from a secure status and fortifies this status by protecting packets using cryptography and updating cryptographic keys periodically or when necessary. The proposed scheme addresses the interdependency cycle of secure routing and security services by combining secure routing and key management in one framework. The framework proposes a secure routing protocol (SRP) using identity‐based cryptography and solutions to general problems of identity‐based cryptography. The routing protocol has several improvements over existing ones. The novel ideas to solve key escrow, identity disclosure and identity revocation issues can be integrated into the framework, and can be transplanted to other environments as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".