Association between fertility and molecular sub-type of global isolates of<i>Cryptococcus gattii</i>molecular type VGII
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus gattii, is a primary pathogen which causes disease in apparently healthy humans and a wide range of animals. Recently, an outbreak of cryptococcosis caused by a previously uncommon genotype of C. gattii, VGII, emerged on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Two pathogenic sub-types of VGII (designated VGIIa and VGIIb) were identified among these isolates. All of the isolates proved to be mating type alpha and had exceptionally high sporulation capacity. The common subtype, VGIIa, was more virulent than VGIIb in mice, suggesting a linkage between subtype and fertility/virulence. To test this hypothesis, we compared the fertility of 91 isolates from the Vancouver Island outbreak with that of 72 VGII isolates selected globally. Of all isolates, 69.94% were found to be fertile and exhibited clamp connections and basidiospores. The Vancouver isolates showed a high fertility rate of 84.2% as compared to only 29% of the 21 Australian isolates investigated. Mating type alpha strains were more fertile (72.79%) than mating type a (43.75%) (p<0.022). Amongst the two subtypes of VGII a much higher proportion of VGIIa (91.7%) than VGIIb (33.3%) was fertile (p<0.001). These results suggest that there is a clear correlation between the VGII subtypes of C. gattii and their mating/fertility. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations of more strains and congenic pairs are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".